ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of a Glass Ceramic Insert in Sandwich Technique on Microleakage in Class II Composite Resin Restorations
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of glass ceramic insert in the sandwich technique to reduce microleakage in class II composite resin restorations. Methods: Sixty sound human upper second premolars were selected and randomly divided into six groups (n=10). Class II box-only cavities were prepared in distal aspects of each tooth with gingival margin located approximately 0.5 mm below the CEJ. Group A (Control) was restored incrementally with Tetric Ceram and a total-etch bonding technique. Group B and C were restored with sandwich technique using a compomer (Compoglass F) or flowable composite resin (Tetric Flow) as the lining material at gingival floor, respectively. Group D, E and F were represented in the same way as group A, B and C and a glass ceramic insert was added to the composite bulk. The specimens were thermo-mechanically cycled, and then immersed in 0.5 % basic fuschin for 24 hours. Dye penetration was detected using a sectioning technique. Results: No significant difference was found between total-etch bonding and sandwich techniques. The placement of an insert caused an increase in microleakage in all groups significantly (P < 0.05). Group D (no liner/ with glass insert) showed the highest amount of microleakage and Group A (no liner/ without glass insert) resulted in the lowest amount of total microleakage. Conclusion: Placement of glass ceramic insert could not decrease gingival leakage. According to the limitation of this study a composite resin restorations with incremental technique is recommended
https://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_4116_f844d240b7a94012d7027d6b502a3618.pdf
2015-06-01
57
64
10.22038/jdmt.2015.4116
Microleakage
Posterior composite resin restoration
Sandwich technique
glass ceramic insert
Hila
Hajizadeh
1
Dental Research Center and Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Saied Mostafa
Moazzami
moazzamim@mums.ac.ir & smm1342@yahoo.com
2
Dental Research Center and Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nasrin
Sarabi
3
Dental Research Center and Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Sara
Majidinia
4
Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Dietschi D, Dietschi JM. Current developments in composite materials and techniques. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 1996;8:603-13; quiz 14.
1
Yap AU, Wang HB, Siow KS, Gan LM. Polymerization shrinkage of visible-light-cured composites. Oper Dent 2000;25:98-103.
2
Cheung GS. Reducing marginal leakage of posterior composite resin restorations: a review of clinical techniques. J Prosthet Dent 1990;63:286-8.
3
Federlin M, Thonemann B, Schmalz G. Inserts--megafillers in composite restorations: a literature review. Clin Oral Investig 2000;4:1-8.
4
Hahn P, Schaller HG, Mullner U, Hellwig E. Marginal leakage in class II-restorations after use of ceramic-inserts luted with different materials. J Oral Rehabil 1998;25:567-74.
5
Sjogren G, Hedlund SO, Jonsson C, Sandstrom A. A 3-year follow-up study of preformed beta-quartz glass-ceramic insert restorations. Quintessence Int 2000;31:25-31.
6
Kunzelmann KH OT, Mehl A, Hickel R Finite element analysis of megafillers/inserts to optimize shape and material properties. J Dent Res 1995; 74:187.
7
Bowen RL, George LA, Eichmiller FC, Misra DN. An esthetic glass-ceramic for use in composite restoration inserts. Dent Mater 1993;9:290-4.
8
Sadeghi M. The Effect of Fluid Composite as Gingival Layer on Microleakage of Class II Composite Restorations. Dental Research Journal 2007;4:40-7.
9
Fabianelli A, Sgarra A, Goracci C, Cantoro A, Pollington S, Ferrari M. Microleakage in class II restorations: open vs closed centripetal build-up technique. Oper Dent 2010; 35:308-13.
10
Chuang SF, Jin YT, Liu JK, Chang CH, Shieh DB. Influence of flowable composite lining thickness on Class II composite restorations. Oper Dent 2004;29: 301-8.
11
Xie H ZF, Wu Y, Chen C, Liu W. Dentine bond strength and microleakage of flowable composite, compomer and glass ionomer cement. Aust Dent J 2008;53: 325-31.
12
Araujo Fde O VL, Monteiro Junior S. Influence of resin composite shade and location of the gingival margin on the microleakage of posterior restorations. Oper Dent 2006; 31:556-61.
13
Bona AD, Pinzetta C, Rosa V. Effect of acid etching of glass ionomer cement surface on the microleakage of sandwich restorations. J Appl Oral Sci 2007;15:230-4.
14
Chuang SF LJ, Chao CC, Liao FP, Chen YH. Effects of flowable composite lining and operator experience on microleakage and internal voids in class II composite restorations. J Prosthet Dent 2001;85:177-83.
15
Koubi S, Raskin A, Dejou J, About I, Tassery H, Camps J, et al. Effect of dual cure composite as dentin substitute on marginal integrity of class II open-sandwich restorations. Oper Dent 2009;34: 150-6.
16
Opdam NJ, Bronkhorst EM, Roeters JM, Loomans BA. Longevity and reasons for failure of sandwich and total-etch posterior composite resin restorations. J Adhes Dent 2007;9:469-75.
17
Raskin A DHW, Gonthier S, Degrange M, Déjou J. Reliability of in vitro microleakage tests: a literature review. J Adhes Dent 2001;3:295-308.
18
Senawongse P, Pongprueksa P, Tagami J. The effect of the elastic modulus of low-viscosity resins on the microleakage of Class V resin composite restorations under occlusal loading. Dent Mater J 2010;29:324-9.
19
Bowen RL, Eichmiller FC, Marjenhoff WA. Glass-ceramic inserts anticipated for 'megafilled' composite restorations. Research moves into the office. J Am Dent Assoc 1991;122:71, 3, 5.
20
Ozcan M, Pfeiffer P, Nergiz I. Marginal adaptation of ceramic inserts after cementation. Oper Dent 2002;27:132-6.
21
Olmez A ON, Bodur H. The effect of flowable resin composite on microleakage and internal voids in class II composite restorations. Oper Dent 2004;29:713-19.
22
Tjan AH, Dingman TA, Woolsey BL. Microleakage of posterior composite resin restorations using beta quartz glass-ceramic inserts. Asian J Aesthet Dent 1993;1:81-4.
23
Applequist EA, Meiers JC. Effect of bulk insertion, prepolymerized resin composite balls, and beta-quartz inserts on microleakage of Class V resin composite restorations. Quintessence Int 1996;27: 253-8.
24
Bott B, Hannig M. Optimizing Class II composite resin esthetic restorations by the use of ceramic inserts. J Esthet Dent 1995;7:110-7.
25
Strobel WO, Petschelt A, Kemmoona M, Frankenberger R. Ceramic inserts do not generally improve resin composite margins. J Oral Rehabil 2005;32:606-13.
26
Attar N, Turgut MD, Gungor HC. The effect of flowable resin composites as gingival increments on the microleakage of posterior resin composites. Oper Dent 2004;29:162-7.
27
Dietrich T LA, Lösche GM, Roulet JF. Marginal adaptation of direct composite and sandwich restorations in Class II cavities with cervical margins in dentine. J Dent 1999; 27:119-28.
28
Friedl KH, Schmalz G, Hiller KA, Mortazavi F. Marginal adaptation of composite restorations versus hybrid ionomer/composite sandwich restorations. Oper Dent 1997; 22:21-9.
29
Moazzami SM, Sarabi N, Hajizadeh H, Majidinia S, Li Y, Meharry MR, Shahrokh H. Efficacy of four lining materials in sandwich technique to reduce microleakage in class II composite resin restorations. Oper Dent 2014;39:256-63.
30
Gale MS, Darvell BW, Cheung GS. Three-dimensional reconstruction of microleakage pattern using a sequential grinding technique. J Dent 1994;22:370-5.
31
Raskin A, Tassery H, D'Hoore W, Gonthier S, Vreven J, Degrange M, et al. Influence of the number of sections on reliability of in vitro microleakage evaluations. Am J Dent 2003;16:
32
Alani AH, Toh CG. Detection of microleakage around dental restorations: a review. Oper Dent 1997;22:173-85.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In Vitro Comparative Study of the Working Length Determination with Radiovisiography and Conventional Radiography in Dilacerated Canals
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare digital and conventional radiography in determining the working length of dilacerated canals.Methods: Thirty nine human extracted single-rooted teeth with root curvature more than 35 degrees were included in this study. After access preparation, a file was inserted into the canal and advanced until the file tip was visualized at the foramen. With measurement of the file length using a millimeter ruler, true canal length was determined for each canal. Then, teeth were mounted in acrylic blocks and canal length was estimated by using on-screen digital radiography with both 3- and 6-clicks measurement and from conventional radiography by conforming a preserved file on the image of the root canal.Results: There were no significant differences in measurement accuracy between the true canal length and conventional radiographic length, but there were significant difference between both digital radiographic techniques with true canal length. There was no significant correlation between root curvature and canal length estimation error of studied methods.Conclusion: In dilacerated canals, the accuracy of determination of working length by using conventional radiography is higher than digital radiography
https://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_4118_6b52b273d6d25299836858d6c6531626.pdf
2015-06-01
65
72
10.22038/jdmt.2015.4118
: Digital radiography
conventional radiography
Working length
root curvature
dilaceration
Ali
Bagherpour
bagherpoura@mums.ac.ir
1
Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Mojtahedi
2
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical
Sciences, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahrokh
Imanimoghaddam
..@yahoo.com
3
Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial
Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Jafarzadeh
hamid_j365@yahoo.com
4
Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Neena IE, Ananthraj A, Praveen P, Karthik V, Rani P. Comparison of digital radiography and apex locator with the conventional method in root length determination of primary teeth. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2011;29:300-4.
1
Lozano A, Forner L, Llena C. In vitro comparison of root-canal measurements with conventional and digital radiology. Int Endod J 2002;35:542-50.
2
Jafarzadeh H, Abbott PV. Dilaceration: review of an endodontic challenge. J Endod 2007;33:1025-30.
3
Dastmalchi N, Kazemi Z, Hashemi S, Peters OA, Jafarzadeh H. Definition and endodontic treatment of dilacerated canals: a survey of Diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12:8-13.
4
Parks ET, Williamson GF. Digital radiography: an overview. J Contemp Dent Pract 2002;3:23-39.
5
Schneider SW. A comparison of canal preparations in straight and curved root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1971;32:271-5.
6
Goodarzi Pour D, Razmi H, Jabedar Maralani S, Zeighami S. New software: comparison between three software programs for root canal length measurement. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008;37: 228-31.
7
Jafarzadeh H, Abbott PV. Ledge formation: review of a great challenge in endodontics. J Endod 2007; 33:1155-62.
8
Leddy BJ, Miles DA, Newton CW, Brown CE Jr. Interpretation of endodontic file lengths using RadioVisiography. J Endod 1994;20:542-45.
9
Burger CL, Mork TO, Hutter JW, Nicoll B. Direct digital radiography versus conventional radiography for estimation of canal length in curved canals. J Endod 1999;25:260-3.
10
Woolhiser GA, Brand JW, Hoen MM, Geist JR, Pikula AA, Pink FE. Accuracy of film-based, digital, and enhanced digital images for endodontic length determination. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005;99:499-504.
11
Brito-Junior M, Santos LA, Baleeiro EN, Pego MM, Eleuterio NB, Camilo CC. Linear measurements to determine working length of curved canals with fine files: conventional versus digital radiography. J Oral Sci 2009;51:559-64.
12
Mohtavipour ST, Dalili Z, Azar NG. Direct digital radiography versus conventional radiography for estimation of canal length in curved canals. Imaging Sci Dent 2011;41:7-10.
13
Mehdizadeh M, Khademi AA, Nasr N. Canal Length Measurement by Digital Radiography and Conventional Parallel Radiography. Res J Biol Sci 2010;5:400-3.
14
Mentes A, Gencoglu N. Canal length evaluation of curved canals by direct digital or conventional radiography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002;93:88-91.
15
Lamus F, Katz JO, Glaros AG. Evaluation of a digital measurement tool to estimate working length in endodontics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2001; 2:24-30.
16
Almenar Garcia A, Forner Navarro L, Ubet Castello V, Minana Laliga R. Evaluation of a digital radiography to estimate working length. J Endod 1997;23:363-5.
17
Griffiths BM, Brown JE, Hyatt AT, Linney AD. Comparison of three imaging techniques for assessing endodontic working length. Int Endod J 1992;25:279-87.
18
Shearer AC, Horner K, Wilson NH. Radiovisiography for length estimation in root canal treatment: an in-vitro comparison with conventional radiography. Int Endod J 1991;24: 233-9.
19
Martinez-Lozano MA, Forner-Navarro L, Sanchez-Cortes JL, Llena-Puy C. Methodological considerations in the determination of working length. Int Endod J 2001;34:371-6.
20
Kim-Park MA, Baughan LW, Hartwell GR. Working length determination in palatal roots of maxillary molars. J Endod 2003;29:58-61.
21
Shearer AC, Horner K, Wilson NH. Radiovisiography for imaging root canals: an in vitro comparison with conventional radiography. Quintessence Int 1990;21:789-94.
22
Hedrick RT, Dove SB, Peters DD, McDavid WD. Radiographic determination of canal length direct digital radiography versus conventional radiography. J Endod 1994;20:320-6.
23
Ezoddini Ardakani F, Goodarzi Pour D, Soltani Mohammadabady M. Comparison of the accuracy of digital and conventional radiography in evaluation of curved canals lengths. J Dent Med 2005;18:67-74.
24
Avinash M, Kamath PM. Canal length estimation in curved root canals-A comparison between conventional and direct digital radiography. Endodontology 2002;14:52-60.
25
Ong EY, Pitt Ford TR. Comparison of radiovisiography with radiographic film in root length determination. Int Endod J 1995;28:25-9.
26
Huang DM, Ling JQ, Luo SG, Li HL, Zheng GN, Zhou XD. Effect of root canal curvature on canal length measurement on digital image of human lower mandibular permanent incisor. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2007; 38:829-31.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Different Dentin Bonding Agents Accompanied with Composite Coronal Barrier
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of dentin bonding agents in root canals obturated with gutta-percha and MTA. Methods: Forty-five single rooted human premolar teeth were decoronated so that remaining root portions were 12 mm in length. The samples were divided randomly into three experimental (n=13) and two control groups (n=3). All teeth were instrumented up to #40 K-file using step-back technique. The roots were obturated with gutta-percha/AH26 and MTA for 5 and 3 mm, respectively. Excite, Clearfil SE Bond, and iBond were applied for experimental groups and then 2mm was filled with composite Filtek Z250. The roots in the controls were merely instrumented and obturated. Two coats of nail varnish were applied on the surface of the teeth in the experimental and positive groups, except 2 mm around the apical foramen and coronal surfaces. In the negative control, the surfaces were completely covered by two layers of nail varnish. After thermocycling, the roots mounted in plastic caps of tubes containing BHI medium and inoculated coronally with Enterococcus faecalis. The data were statistically analyzed using Fisher's exact and Kaplan-Meier survival Analysis. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between three experimental groups regarding the leakage rate (P=0.738). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it was observed that the adhesive systems in alliance with gutta-percha and MTA obturation could not entirely
https://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_4119_ecfb12b7d894f710294f8228a2ad09be.pdf
2015-06-01
73
80
10.22038/jdmt.2015.4119
Bacterial Leakage
adhesives
Enterococcus faecalis
Zahed
Mohammadi
1
Endodentist, Hamadan, Iran
AUTHOR
, Loghman
Rezaei-Soufi
2
Dental Research Center and Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
AUTHOR
Tahereh
Omidipoor
3
Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Massoud
Felegary
4
Dentist, Ghorveh, Iran
AUTHOR
Farshid
Vahdatinia
5
Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
AUTHOR
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Vizgirda PJ, Liewehr FR, Patton WR, McPherson JC, Buxton TB. A comparison of laterally condensed gutta-percha, thermoplasticized gutta-percha, and mineral trioxide aggregate as root canal filling materials. J Endod 2004;30:103-6.
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Grecca FS, Rosa AR, Gomes MS, Parolo CF, Bemfica JR, Frasca LC, Maltz M. Effect of timing and method of post space preparation on sealing ability of remaining root filling material: in vitro microbiological study. J Can Dent Assoc 2009;75:583.
27
Parirokh M, Askarifard S, Mansouri S, Haghdoost AA, Raoof M, Torabinejad M. Effect of phosphate buffer saline on coronal leakage of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Oral Sci 2009;51:187-91.
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32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of the Distances between the Maxillary Sinus Floor and Root-Tips of the First and Second Maxillary Molar Teeth Using Panoramic Radiography among Dolichocephalic and Brachycephalic and Mesocephalic Individuals
Introduction: Comparison of the relationships and distance between maxillary root tips and the maxillary sinus floor using oral panoramic in the dolichocephalic and brachycephalic compared to mesocephalic individuals. Methods: Oral panoramic images from 300 individuals were analyzed and the relationships and distance between the maxillary root tips and the sinus floor was assessed by qualitative and quantitative variables. Results: The distance was significantly higher in the brachycephalic groups than that of the mesocephalic, and the mesocephalic group showed longer distance in comparison to dolichocephalic individuals. Qualitative comparison showed that type 1 relationship was the dominant position in the brachycephalic individuals while most of dolichocephalic individuals demonstrated type 2 and 3 relationships of the molar root tips and the maxillary sinus floor. Conclusion: Higher distances between the molar root tips and the maxillary sinus floor could be expected in the brachycephalic than mesocephalic and dolichocephalic individuals
https://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_4122_c2342bcb1b122782aedfe93b6249ac90.pdf
2015-06-01
81
88
10.22038/jdmt.2015.4122
Maxillary sinus
Molar teeth
OPG
maxilla
Hamidreza
Arabion
arabion@sums.ac.ir
1
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdol Aziz
Haghnegahdar
haghnegahdar@sums.ac.ir
2
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Science,
Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Yasamin
Sadegi Ardekani
rtab16@yahoo.com
3
Student of Dentistry, International branch of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Reyhaneh
Ebrahimi
tabmed@hotmail.com
4
Department of Periodontology, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Tabrizi
tabmed@gmail.com
5
1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Drăgan E, Rusa O, Nemţoi A, Melian G, Mihai C, Haba D. Maxillary sinus anatomic and pathologic CT findings in edentulous patients scheduled for sinus augmentation. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2014;118:1114-21.
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Didilescu A, Rusu M, Săndulescu M, Georgescu C, Ciuluvică R. Morphometric analysis of the relationships between the maxillary first molar and maxillary sinus floor. Open Journal of Stomatology 2012;2:352-7
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Ali SM, Hawramy FA, Mahmood KA. The Relation of Maxillary Posterior Teeth Roots to the Maxillary Sinus Floor Using Panoramic and Computed Tomography Imaging in a Sample of Kurdish People. Tikrit J Dent Sci 2012;1:81-8.
13
Eberhardt JA, Torabinejad M, Christiansen EL. A computed tomographic study of the distances between the maxillary sinus floor and the apices of the maxillary posterior teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992;73:345-6.
14
Pagin O, Centurion BS, Rubira-Bullen IR, Alvares Capelozza AL. Maxillary sinus and posterior teeth: accessing close relationship by cone-beam computed tomographic scanning in a Brazilian population. J Endod 2013;39:748-51.
15
Huang IY, Chen CM, Chuang FH. Caldwell-Luc procedure for retrieval of displaced root in the maxillary sinus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011;112:e59-63
16
Farkas LG1, Katic MJ, Forrest CR. Anthropometric proportion indices in the craniofacial regions of 73 patients with forms of isolated coronal synostosis. Ann Plast Surg 2005;55:495-9.
17
Sharan A, Madjar D. Correlation between maxillary sinus floor topography and related root position of posterior teeth using panoramic and cross-sectional computed tomography imaging. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;102:
18
Obayashi N, Ariji Y, Goto M, Izumi M, Naitoh M, Sasaki J, Yoshida K, Kurita K, Shimozato K, Ariji E. Spread of odontogenic infection originating in the maxillary teeth: computed tomographic assessment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004;98:223-31.
19
Kretzschmar DP, Kretzschmar JL. Rhinosinusitis: review from a dental perspective. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003;96:
20
Kwak HH, Park HD, Yoon HR, Kang MK, Koh KS, Kim HJ. Topographic anatomy of the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus in Koreans. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;33:382-8.
21
Jung YH, Cho BH. Assessment of the relationship between the maxillary molars and adjacent structures using cone beam computed tomography. Imaging Sci Dent 2012;42:219-24.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Success Rate of Zinc Oxide Eugenol in Pulpectomy of Necrotic Primary Molars: A Retrospective Study
Introduction: Pulpectomy is a conservative treatment plan for primary necrotic teeth and Zinc Oxide Eugenol is still a good choice as root canal filling material but long term studies on poor prognosis molars are limited and almost contradictory. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographical success rate of pulpectomy of necrotic primary molars using ZOE as the root canal filling material. Methods: 152 records of 76 primary molars on which two-visit pulpectomy had been performed were selected. The records with a complete and enough clinical history and high quality radiographs of before the treatment and follow up sessions were included to the study. The least follow up was 6 months and the most one was 59 months (with the mean follow up of 24 months). The treatments were noted successful if clinically had no signs and symptoms and radiographically, the size of pathologic radiolucencies of before the treatment have been reduced or at least remained without any changes. Then obtained information was analyses in SPSS 17 and by Chi- square and Log Rank tests. Results: From all 76 cases 5 teeth (6.6%) were radiographically failed that all of them were second primary molars and 2 teeth were clinically failed (2.6%) that both were second primary molars. Conclusion: Two-visit pulpectomy of primary molars with ZOE as root canal filling materials is one of the most successful treatments for necrotic teeth
https://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_4124_59525d2ce5e619228cc1ed8387decb26.pdf
2015-06-01
89
94
10.22038/jdmt.2015.4124
Primary molars
Pulpectomy
Zinc Oxide Eugenol
Zahra
Bahrololoomi
zbahrololoom@ssu.ac.ir
1
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
, Shiva
Zamaninejad
2
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Moskovitz M, Sammara E, Holan G. Success rate of root canal treatment in primary molars. J Dentistry 2005; 33:41-7.
1
Ramar K, Mungara J. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of pulpectomies using three root canal filling materials: An in-vivo study. J Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 2010;28:25-9.
2
Gupta S, Das G. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of zinc oxide eugenol and metapex in root canal treatment of primary teeth. J Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 2011;29:222-8.
3
Coll JA, Sadrian R. Predicting pulpectomy success and its relationship to exfoliation and succedaneous dentition. Pediatric Dentistry 1996;18:57-63.
4
Erasquin J, Muruzabal M. Root canal fillings with zinc oxide Eugenol in the rat molar. J Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1967;24:547-58.
5
Spedding RH. Incomplete resorption of resorbable zinc oxide root canal filling in primary teeth-report of two cases. ASDC J Dentistry for Children 1985;52:214-6.
6
Holan G1, Fuks AB. A comparison of pulpectomies using ZOE and KRI paste in primary molars: a retrospective study. J Pediatr Dent 1993;15:403-7.
7
Coll JA, Josell S, Casper JS. Evaluation of a one-appointment formocresolpulpectomy technique for primary molars.J Pediatr Dent 1985;7:123-9.
8
Reddy VV, Fernandes. Clinical and radiological evaluation of zinc oxide-eugenol and Maisto's paste as obturating materials in infected primary teeth—nine months study. J Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 1996;14:39-44.
9
Mani SA, Chawla HS, Tewari A, Goyal A. Evaluation of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol as root canal filling materials in primary teeth. ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 2000;67:142-7.
10
Nadkarni U, Damle SG. Comparative evaluation of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol as root canal filling materials for primary molars: a clinical and radiographic study. J Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 2000;18:1-10.
11
Özalp N, Şaroǧlu I, Sönmez H. Evaluation of various root canal filling materials in primary molar pulpectomies: an in vivo study. J Dentistry 2005;18:347-50.
12
Barcelos R, Santos MPA, Primo LG, Luiz RR, LC Maia LC. ZOE Paste Pulpectomies Outcome in Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review. J Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 2011;35:241-8.
13
Holan G, Fuks AB, Keltz N. Success rate of formocresol pulpotomy in primary molars restored with stainless steel crown vs amalgam. J Pediatric Dentistry 2002;24:212-6.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Maxillofacial Fractures in CT scan Images of Adult, Adolescent, and Child Patients in Radiology Ward of Mashhad’s Shahid Kamyab Emergency Hospital in 2010
Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the pattern of maxillofacial fractures in three age groups of adults, adolescents, and children, using CT scan images. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, CT scan images of 230 patients with maxillofacial trauma during one year were examined in terms of the number and site of fractures. The patients were divided into three age groups, children (0-14 years), adolescents (14-17 years), and adults (>17 years). The data collected from this group were analyzed using, Chi-square, independent t-test and ANOVA statistical tests. Results: The analysis showed that 85% of maxillofacial fractures occur in adults, 7% in adolescents, and 8% in children. The most prevalent causes of fractures in adults were accidents (70%) and fallings (16%). Accidents (73%) and quarrels (13%) were the most prevalent causes of fractures in adolescents. In children, falling (60%) as the most prevalent cause of fracture was significantly higher than that in other groups (P-value=0.001). The most prevalent sites of maxillofacial fracture in adults were nasal bones and zygomaticomaxillary complex. Nasal and orbital fractures in adolescents comprised the most prevalent sites of fracture. Mandibular bone was the most prevalent site of fracture in children. The variations in prevalent sites of fracture among the three groups were significant (P-value=0.002). Conclusion: Car accidents are the main risk factor for maxillofacial fractures. The prevalent causes and sites of maxillofacial fractures in adults, adolescents, and children are different from one another.
https://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_4127_e555dec75396c43221840e610efce254.pdf
2015-06-01
95
100
10.22038/jdmt.2015.4127
Fracture
maxillofacial
Trauma
adults
Adolescents
Children
Najmeh
Anbiaee
anbiaeen@mums.ac.ir
1
Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Touraj
Vaezi
2
Dental Research Center and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Farshad
Khamchin
3
Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehranan, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Hafez Maleki
4
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hupp JR, Ellis E, Tucker MR. Contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgery. Elsevier, Mosby, 2013.
1
Anbiaee N, Ahmadian A, Bagherpour A, Ghaziani M. Two year evaluation of maxillofacial fractures in conventional radiographs of patients referring to radiology department of Mashhad Dental School. Journal of Mashhad Dental School 2014;38:1-8.
2
Gadre S, Halli Rr, Joshi S. Incidence and Pattern of Cranio-Maxillofacial Injuries: A 22 year Retrospective Analysis of Cases Operated at Major Trauma Hospitals/Centres in Pune, India. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2013;12:372-8.
3
Khadkhodaie MH. Three-year review of facial fractures at a teaching hospital in northern Iran. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006;44:229-31.
4
Vyas RM, Dickinson BP, Wasson KL, Roostaeian J. Pediatric facial fractures: current national incidence,distribution, and health care resource use. J Craniofac Surg 2008;19:339-49.
5
Adeyemo W, Ladeinde A, Ogunlewe M, James O. Trends and characteristics of oral and maxillofacial injuries in Nigeria: a review of the literature. Head Face Med 2005;1:7.
6
Qudah MA, AL-Khateeb T, Bataineh AB, Rawashdeh MA. Mandibular fractures in Jordanians: a comparative study between young and adult patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005;33:103-6.
7
Khorasani M, Khorasani B. The epidemiology of mandibular fractures in Qazvin Province, Iran a retrospective study. Reasearch Journal of Biological Science 2009;4:738-42.
8
Chandra Shekar BR, CVK Reddy. A five-year retrospective statistical analysis of maxillofacial injuries in patients admitted and treated at two hospitals of Mysore city. Indian J Dent Res 2009;19:304-8.
9
Rood GJ, Van Wyk PJ, Botha SJ. Mandibular fractures: an epidemiological survey at the Oral and Dental Hospital, Pretoria. SADJ 2007;62:270,
10
Malara P, Malara B, Drugacz J. Characteristics of maxillofacial injuries resulting from road traffic accidents: a 5 year review of the case records from Department of Maxillofacial Surgery in Katowice, Poland. Head Face Med 2006;2:27.
11
Scariot R, de Oliveira IA, Passeri LA, Rebellato NL. Maxillofacial injuries in a group of Brazilian subjects under 18 years of age. J Appl Oral Sci 2009;17:195-8.
12
Zhou HH, Ongodia D, Liu Q, Yang RT. Incidence and pattern of maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescents: A 10 years retrospective cohort study. Journal of Pediatric 2013;77:494-8.
13
White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology: principles and interpretation: Elsevier Health Sciences. Elsevier, Mosby, 2014.
14
Som PM., FACR MD. Head and neck imaging: Volume 1: Elsevier Health Sciences. 5th ed. 2011; 7:506.
15
Patel R, Reid RR. Poon CS, Multidetector Computed Tomography of Maxillofacial Fractures: The Key to High-Impact Radiological Reporting. J Orbital and ENT Emergencies 2012;33:410-7.
16
Cavalcanti AL, Melo TR. Facial and oral injuries in Brazilian children aged 5-17 years: 5-year review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2008;9:102-4.
17
Kim SH, Lee SH, Cho PD. Analysis of 809 Facial Bone Fractures in a Pediatric and Adolescent Population. J Arch Plast Surg 2012;39:606-11.
18
Chrcanovic BR, Abreu MH, Freire-Maia B, Souza LN. Facial fractures in children and adolescents: a retrospective study of 3 years in a hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Dent Traumatol 2010;26:262-70.
19
Imahara SD, Hopper RA, Wang J, Rivara FP. Patterns and outcomes of pediatric facial fractures in the united states: a survey of the National Trauma Data Bank. J Am Coll Surg 2008;207:
20
Oqunlewe MO, James O, Ladeinde AL, Adeyemo WL. Pattern of pediatric maxillofacial fractures in Lagos, Nigeria. Int J Paediatr Dent 2006;16:358-62.
21
Chapman VM, Fenton LZ, Gao D, Strain JD. Facial fractures in children:unique patterns of injury observed by computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2009; 33:70-2.
22
Hwang K, You SH, Sohn IA. Analysis of orbital bone fracture: A 12 year study of 391 patients. J Craniofac Surg 2009;20:1218-23.
23
·⁎ Department of Radiology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
24
·† Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
25
Available online 7 September 2012
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Relationship between Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) and Overall Denture Conditions in Complete Denture Wearers
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is any relationship between the condition of complete dentures and TMDs. Methods: The sample consisted of 61 consecutive patients (35 females and 26 males) who were admitted to the Department of Prosthodontics of Mashhad Faculty of Dentistry for fabrication of new complete dentures. The age range of the participants was between 32 and 80 years, with the mean age of 57.05±10.26 years. The patients were examined by two prosthodontists. Using a questionnaire, the first prosthodontist asked the patients about their habits and history of trauma to the temporomandibular joints (TMJs). She then examined the participants for signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The second prosthodontist examined each participant's existing denture and checked its fit, stability, retention, occlusion, and centric relation, and recorded how long it had been in service. The examination was double blind. The data were recorded in examination sheets. Results: The relationship between TMDs and denture fit, stability, retention, centric relation and occlusion was analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Test. No significant relationship was found between denture characteristics and TMDs in complete denture wearers (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: Complete denture characteristics did not play a role in the development of TMDs in edentulous patients.
https://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_4128_ee6ac0655e4c4b39d873ee77ac8ed6d9.pdf
2015-06-01
101
110
10.22038/jdmt.2015.4128
complete denture
edentulous patients
temporomandibular disorders
Fatemeh
Rostamkhani
rostamkhanif@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nilufar
Tayarani
2
Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Azam Sadat
Madani
3
Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Al-Jabrah OA, Al-Shumailan YR. Prevalence of temporomandibular disorder signs in patients with complete versus partial dentures. Clin Oral Investig 2006;10:167-77.
1
McNeill C. Management of temporomandibular disorders: concepts and controversies. J Prosthet Dent 1997;77:10–22.
2
Dworkin SF, LeResche L. Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique. J Craniomandib Disord 1992;6:301-6.
3
Okeson JP. Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion. St Louis (MO): Mosby, 2008.
4
Garcia AR, Folli S, Zuim PR, de Sousa V. Mandible protrusion and decrease of TMJ sounds: an electrovibratographic examination. Braz Dent J 2008;19:77-82.
5
Goiato MC, Garcia AR, Santos DM, Pesqueira AA. TMJ vibrations in asymptomatic patients using old and new complete dentures. J Prosthodont 2010;19:438-42.
6
Pullinger AG, Seligman DA. Quantification and validation of predictive values of occlusal variables in temporomandibular disorders using a multifactorial analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2000;83:
7
Seligman DA, Pullinger AG. Analysis of occlusal variables, dental attrition, and age for distinguishing healthy controls from female patients with intracapsular temporomandibular disorders. J Prosthet Dent 2000;83:76-82.
8
De Boever JA, Carlsson GE, Klineberg IJ. Need for occlusal therapy and prosthodontic treatment in the management of temporomandibular disorders. Part II. Tooth loss and prosthodontic treatment. J Oral Rehabil 2000;27:647-59.
9
Sarita PT, Kreulen CM, Witter D, Creugers NH. Signs and symptoms associated with TMD in adults with shortened dental arches. Int J Prosthodont 2003;16:265-70.
10
Akerman S, Rohlin M, Kopp S. Bilateral degenarative changes and deviation in form of temporomandibular joints. An autopsy study of elderly individuals. Acta Odontol Scand 1984;42:205-14.
11
Dervis E. Changes in temporomandibular disorders after treatment with new complete dentures. J Oral Rehabil 2004;31:320–6.
12
Lundeen TF, Scruggs RR, McKinney MW, Daniel SJ, Levitt SR. TMD symptomology among denture patients. J Craniomandib Disord 1990;4:40-6.
13
Klemetti E. Signs of temporomandibular dysfunction related to edentulousness and complete dentures: an anamnestic study. J Craniomand Pract 1996;14:154-7.
14
Dulcic N, Panduric J, Kraljevics S, Badel T, Celic R. Incidence of temporomandibular disorders at tooth loss in the supporting zones. Coll Antropol 2003;27(Suppl. 2):61-7.
15
Sipila K, Napankangas R, Kononen M, Alanen P, Suominen AL. The role of dental loss and denture status on clinical signs of temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil 2013;40:15-23.
16
Mercado MDF, Faulkner KDB. The prevalence of craniomandibular disorders in completely edentulous denture-wearing subjects. J Oral Rehabil 1991;18:231–42.
17
Freitas JB, Gomez RS, De Abreu MH, Ferreira E. Relationship between the use of full dentures and mucosal alterations among elderly Brazilians. J Oral Rehabil 2008;35:370-4.
18
Santos JF, Marchini L, Campos MS, Damião CF, Cunha VP, Barbosa CM. Symptoms of craniomandibular disorders in elderly Brazilian wearers of complete dentures. Gerodontology 2004;21:51-2.
19
Dallanora AF, Grasel CE, Heine CP, Demarco FF, Cenci TP, Presta AA, Boscato N. Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in a population of complete denture wearers. Gerodontology 2012;29:e865-9.
20
MacEntee MI, Nolan A, Thomason JM. Oral mucosal and osseous disorders in frail elders. Gerodontology 2004;21:78-84.
21
Dawson PE. Functional occlusion: From TMJ to smile design. St Louis (MO): Mosby, 2007.
22
MacEntee MI, Wyatt CCL. An index of clinical oral disorder in elders (CODE). Gerodontology 1999;16:85-96.
23
Okimoto K, Matsuo K, Moroi H, Terada Y. Factors correlated with craniomandibular disorders in young and older adults. Int J Prosthodont 1996;9:171–8.
24
Szenpetery A, Fazekas A, Mari A. An epidemiological study of mandibular dysfunction dependence on different variables. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1987;15:164-8.
25
Zissis AJ, Karkazis HC, Polyzois GL. The prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction among patients wearing complete dentures. Aust Dent J 1988;33:299-302.
26
Gibson WM. Reduced vertical dimension and temporomandibular pain. Dent Mag Oral Top 1967;84: 149-51.
27
Monteith B. The role of the freeway space in the generation of pain among denture wearers. J Oral Rehabil 1984;11:483-98.
28
Franks AST. The dental health of patients presenting with TMJ dysfunction. Br J Oral Surg 1967;5:157-66.
29
Macentee MI, Weiss R, Morison BJ, Waxter-Morrison HE. Mandibular dysfunction in an institutionalized predominantly elderly population. J Oral Rehabil 1987;14:523-9.
30
Wilding RC, Owen CP. The prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in edentulous non denture wearing individuals. J Oral Rehabil 1987;14:175-82.
31
McCarthy JA, Knazan YL. Craniomandibular dysfunction among an edentulous Canadian population. Gerodontics 1987;3:155-60.
32
Heloe B, Heloe LA. The occurrence of temporomandibular joint disorders in an elderly population evaluated by recording subjective and objective symptoms. Acta Odontol Scand 1978;36:3-9.
33
Ponichtera AJ, Nikojkari H, Potter D. Quality of dentures and incidence of temporomandibular joint problems of an elderly institutionalized population. J Dent Res 1985;54(Special Issue):Abstract 1207.
34
Budtz-Jorgensen E, Luan WM, Holm-Pederson P, Fejerskov O. Mandibular dysfunction related to dental occlusion and prosthetic conditions in a selected elderly population. Gerodontics 1985;1:28-33.
35
Macentee MI, Weiss R, Morison BJ, Waxter-Morrison HE. Mandibular dysfunction in an institutionalized predominantly elderly population. J Oral Rehabil 1987;14:523-9.
36
Sakurai K, San Giacoma T, Arbec NS, Yurktas AA. A survey of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in completely edentulous patients. J Prosthet Dent 1988;59:81-5.
37
Faulkner KDB, Mercado MDF. Aetiological factors of craniomandibular disorders in completely edentulous denture wearing patients. J Oral Rehabil 1990;18:243-51.
38
Jenssen R, Rasmussen BK, Lous I, Olesen J. Prevalence of craniomandibular dysfunction in a general population. J Orafac Pain 1993;7:175-82.
39
Peltola MK, Raustia AM, Salonen MAM. Effects of complete denture renewal on oral health. A survey of 42 patients. J Oral Rehabil 1997;24:
40
Anastassaki A, Magnusson T. Patients referred to a specialist clinic because of suspected temporomandibular disorders: a survey of 3,194 patients in respect of diagnoses, treatments, and treatment outcome. Acta Odontol Scand 2004;62:183-92.
41
Carlsson GE. Epidemiology and treatment need for temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain 1999; 13:232–7.
42
Humphrey SP, Lindroth JE, Carlson CR. Routine dental care in patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain 2002;16:129-34.
43
Hiltunen K, Peltola JS, Vehkalahti MM, Närhi T, Ainamo A. A 5-year follow-up of signs and symptoms of TMD and radiographic findings in the elderly. Int J Prosthodont 2003;16:631–4.
44
LeResche L, Saunders K, Von Korff M, Barlow W, Dworkin SF. Use of exogenous hormones and risk of temporomandibular disorder pain. Pain 1997;69:153–60.
45
Bush FM, Harkins SW, Harrington WG, Price DD. Analysis of gender effects on pain perception and symptom presentation in temporomandibular pain. Pain 1993;53:73–80.
46
Dao TT, LeResche L. Gender differences in pain. J Orofac Pain 2000;14:169–84.
47
Johansson A, Unell L, Carlsson GE, Söderfeldt B, Halling A. Gender difference in symptoms related to temporomandibular disorders in a population of 50-year-old subjects. J Orofac Pain 2003;17:29–35.
48
Sherman JJ, LeResche L, Mancl LA, Huggins K, Sage JC, Dworkin SF. Cyclic effects on experimental pain response in women with temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain 2005;19:133–43. 17. Ettinger RL. Oral health needs of the elderly--an international review. Commission of Oral Health, Research and Epidemiology Report of a Working Group. Int Dent J 1993;43:348-54.
49
Gray RJM, Davis SJ, Quayle AA. Tempromandibular disorders. A clinical approach to temporomandibular disorders. 1. Classification and functional anatomy. Br Den J 1994;176:
50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Metal Hypersensitivity in Orthodontic Patients
Orthodontic treatment of individuals with metal hypersensitivity is a matter of concern for the orthodontist. Orthodontic appliances contain metals like Nickel, Cobalt and Chromium etc. Metals may cause allergic reactions and are known as allergens. Reaction to these metals is due to biodegradation of metals in the oral cavity. This may lead to the formation of corrosion products and their exposure to the patient. Nickel is the most common metal to cause hypersensitivity reaction. Chromium ranks second among the metals, known to trigger allergic reactions. The adverse biological reactions to these metals may include hypersensitivity, dermatitis and asthma. In addition, a significant carcinogenic and mutagenic potential has been demonstrated. The orthodontist must be familiar with the best possible alternative treatment modalities to provide the safest, most effective care possible in these cases. The present article focuses on the issue of metal hypersensitivity and its management in orthodontic
https://jdmt.mums.ac.ir/article_4130_e117285277d6febcd8e83507d4500fab.pdf
2015-06-01
111
114
10.22038/jdmt.2015.4130
Nickel-Titanium alloy
biological effects
Biocompatibility
tissue reaction
Orthodontics
Corrosion
Sandhya Maheshwari
Sanjeev K
1
Department of Orthodontics and Dental Anatomy, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
AUTHOR
Verma
Sushma Dhiman
2
Department of Orthodontics and Dental Anatomy, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Roitt IM, Delves PJ. Essential Immunology. 10th edition. London: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2001.
1
Facccioni F, Franceschetti P, Cerpelloni M, Fracasso ME. In vivo study on metal release from fixed orthodontic appliances and DNA damage in oral mucosa cells. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;124:687-9.
2
Fisher AA. Contact Dermatitis. Philadelphia, Pa: Lea and Febiger, 1973.
3
Park HY, Shearer TR. In vitro release of nickel and chromium from simulated orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod 1983; 84:156-9.
4
Hensten-Petersen A. Casting alloys: Side-effects. Adv Dent Res 1992;6:38-43.
5
Greig DGM. Contact dermatitis reaction to a metal buckle on a cervical headgear. Br Dent J 1983; 155:61-2.
6
Shin JS, Oh KT, Hwang CJ. In vitro surface corrosion of stainless steel and orthodontic appliances. Aust Orthod J 2003;9:13-8.
7
Eliades T, Zinelis S, Eliades G, Athanasiou AE. Nickel content as received, retrieved and recycled stainless steel brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122:217-20.
8
Grimsdottir MR, Gjerdet NR, Hensten-Pettersen A. Composition and in vitro corrosion of orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1992; 101:525-32.
9
Barrett RD, Bishara SE, Quinn JK. Biodegradation of orthodontic appliances: part I. Biodegradation of nickel and chromium in vitro. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;103:8-14.
10
Maijer R, Smith DC. Corrosion of orthodontic bases. Am J Orthod 1982;81:43-8.
11
Gwinnett AJ. Corrosion of resin-bonded orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod 1982; 82:
12
Kratzenstein B, Weber H, Geis-Gersdorfer J, Koppenburg P. In vivo Korrosions untersuchungen a kieferorthopädischen Apparaten. Dtsch Zahnärztl Z 1985;40:1146-50.
13
Koppenburg P, Bacher M, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Sauer KH, Kratzenstein B, Weber H. Die kieferorthopädische Apparatur-ein Schritt zur Sensibilisierung gegen Metalle? Fortschr Kieferorthop 1988;49:62-9.
14
Kerosuo H, Moe G, Hensten-Pettersen A. Salivary nickel and chromium in subjects with different types of fixed orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997;111:595-8.
15
Kerosuo H, Moe G, Kleven E. In vitro release of nickel and chromium from different types of simulated orthodontic appliances. Angle Orthod 1995. 65:111-6.
16
Lowey MN. Allergic contact dermatitis associated with the use of Interlandi headgear in a patient with a history of atopy. Br Dent J 1993;17:67-72.
17
Nielson NH, Menne T. Allergic contact sensitization in an unselected Danish population: the Glostrup allergy study, Denmark. Acta Derm Venereol 1992;72:456-60.
18
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